Percussive apparatus



y 23, 1933- c. 0. KNUUTI PERCUSSIVE APPARATUS Filed Dec. 26, 1929 key Mwma/ 6/74/25 0. /f/7M/// Patented May 23, 1933 uNrrenSTA TEs A E w cnaatizs o. a uwrnfdr maww; ILLINQ ISQ Qts SIGNOR To wjeemmamemm COMPANY, INCORPORATED, on NEW YORK, N. Y., a CORPORATION on NEW YORK rnncussrvza APPARATUS Application]filed necember 2e, 1929. Seria1: No. 416,465.

This invention relates to percussive. ap-

paratus and more particularly to motive fluid actuated percussive apparatus.

Thisinvention has been foundparticulan ly useful in upsetting rivets} by apercussive action of a tool thereagainst, particularly rivetshaving long slender shanks wherein r the provision of an improved percussiveap paratus where n the percussive element is simultaneously reclprocated and rotated to produce a combined spinning'and impacting action upon a work piece.

In accordance with one einbod'inent of this invention as applied to a bench type riveter, a motive fluid 1s dlrected to a piston for causing reciprocation of a rlvetlng tool, a portion ofthe fluld b61ngd1V(-)It6d into contact with a turbine rotor surrounding andbeing connected to the tool by a sliding connection. 1 Under these conditions the tool is caused to rotate with the rotorduring reciprocation 'of the toolso that a simultaneous reciprocation and rotation of the tool is elfectedrontlnually when 1t is 111611 operative position. i a a a e Other ob ects and advantages of thls 1nvention will more fully appear from the followin detailed descri tion taken in conncction with the accompanying drawing,

wherein a i Fig. 1 1s a slde View of one embodiment of this invention shown partly in section;

takeiion the line2 -2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary vertical irregular section through the motive fluid actuated elements taken on theline of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4.- is an enlarged detail viewof a portion of Fig. 3

FigQii isa detail horizontal section taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4; v a a *ig. 6 isan enlarged d etailtvertical section of the end of a riveting tool taken on the line 6%6 of Fig. 3,and 4 I Fig. 7 is aj plan sectionltaken on the line 1-7 of m a a of the standard.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged horizontal section Ref erringnow to the drawing in detail in which like reference numerals designate similar parts throughout the several views, and particularly to Fig. 1 which illustrates the features of this invention applied to a bench type riveter, 10 represents a supporting standard secured to a bench surface 12. The standard 110 at upper endis provided with an'ofi'set cylindrical collar portion 13 within. the bore of which reciprocably mounted a sleeve 14:, theperiphery of which at its right slde has formed therein a serles l of rack teeth 17. Fixed to a shouldered shaft .18journaled in the standard 10 is a lgqallnlgr (d tted lines Fig. 1) which meshes with the rack teeth 17 on the sleeve (14-,

the gear being secured to the shaftwithin a suitable pocket (not shown) formed in the standard. The shaft 18 at its forwartend is torined with an enlargement 20 within a bore of which is fitted a rod 21 extendlng at right angles to the longitudinal of the shaft, the rod being longitudinally a dju stable in the bore andjthereafter secured taining means, such as a nut (not shown),

threaded thercoijito for preventing a longitudinalmovement of the shaft in the bore To one end of the rod 21 is pivotally secured one end of alink26, the opposite end of the link being connected to a suitable treadle nechanisln (not shown) the treadle and the operatively connected parts being returned to their normal position as shown in the drawing by a spring or weight (not shown) The arrangement is such that upon depression of the treadle the link 2 am be moved upwardly and as a result thegear will be rotated.counter-clockwise and by means of the teeth thereofmeshing with tlierack teeth 17 on the sleeve 14, the latter will be moved downwardly in the lboreof the cylindrical collar portion lScf the standard 10 and upona release oi the treadle the spring, or weight acts to return the parts to;-their norinalfposition.

Fitting within an .upper end. of the bore of the sleeve 14, which is slightly reduced in diameter from the lower end thereof, thereby providing an annular shoulder 31, is a shell 32 which may be easily inserted and removed from the bore of the sleeve 14, the fit between the shell and the inner periphery of the sleeve being loose but snug. Having an air tight fit within the bore of the shell 32 is a pneumatic cylinder 33 provided with an integral annular peripheral collar .34 intermediate its ends, the upper annular surface of the collar abutting the shoulder 31, and also the lowerend of the shell 32. Abutting the lower annular surface of the collar 34 is a comparatively short shell 35 fitting tightly the periphery of the cylinder 33 to prevent the passage of air but loosely and snugly fitting the inner periphery of the sleeve 14. The collar 34 of the cylinder 33 and the tightly fitted shell 35 carried by the cylinder is firmly held against the shoulder 31 of the sleeve 14 to provide an air tight joint by a holding or retaining sleeve 38 which is threaded into the lower end of the sleeve 14. The retaining sleeve 38 may be rotated by using a suitable tool inserted in diametrically opposite slots 39 formed in the lower annular surface of the sleeve 38. The upper end of thebore of the cylinder 33 has threaded thereinto a plug or head 40, a shoulder 41 of which abuts the flush annular end surfaces of the cylinder 33 and the shell. 32, thereby clamping the lower end of the shell against the upper annular surface of the collar 34 of the cylinder and providing an air tight joint. Formed in the upper end of the cylinder 33 is a piston chamber 42 carrying a double acting balanced valve piston 45 provided with a hammer portion 46.

The peripheral surface of the cylinder 33 is provided with a pair of longitudinally extending air channels 47 (Figs. 2 and 3) connected at their upper ends by cross passages 48 which communicate 'with an air inlet chamber 49 formed in the head 40. Intermediate their ends the channels 47 are disposed in communication with the piston chamber 42 by cross passages 53 and at their lower ends by cross passages 54 with a turbine chamber 55 formed in the lower end of the cylinder 33, the purpose of which will be described presently. Also formed in the peripheral surface of the cylinder 33 is a pair of longitudinally extending air channels 56 (Figs, 1 and 2) connected at their upper ends with an air exhaust port 57 formed in the head 40 and at spaced points by cross passages 60 and 61 with the piston chamber '42. Spaced sets of air by-passing channels 62 are also formed longitudinally in the peripheral surface of the cylinder 33, the channels being connected at opposite ends to the piston chamber 42 by cross passages 63. The various channels and cross passages in the cylinder 33 are formed in 'vided with an annular pairs to provide a certain air carrying capacity without deleteriously weakening the cylinder walls, although they might be arranged singly, dependent on the particular apparatus.

Mounted in the chamber 55 is an. air actuated turbine unit comprising a stationary integral or one-piece outer shell or stator 634 fixed from longitudinal and rotary movement in the chamber by a set. screw (3? (Fig.3) threaded into the wall of the cylinder 33 with a reduced end thereof entered in a depression in the shell, and an innewintegral or one-piece turbine rotor 63. Opposite ends of the rotor 68 extend outside the ends of the stator 64 and are each proired surface en gaged by ball bearings 69 and 70, the bearing 69 being fitted in the upper end of the chamber 55 and the lower bearing 70 being supported upon the inner horizontal surface of an apertured cap 71 which is threaded into the lower end of the sleeve 1.4 below the retaining eeve 38. j er threading the cap 71 into the sleeve 14 to position the upper and lower bearings 69 and 70, respectively, against the flared surfaces of the rotor 68 with a. desired rolling action, in which position cooperating surfaces to be presently refcrred'to, upon the stator 64 and the rotor 68 are spaced from each other, a set screw 72 is threaded. into the wall of the sleeve 14, a reduced end. thereof being onered in a depression in the cap 71. Threaded axially into the cap 71 is an aperturcd plug 74 having a reduced portion 75 extending through. the bearing 70. The hammer portion 46 of the valve piston 45. projects through an'axial Jcrture in the upper bearing 69, with its lower end normally positioned slightly within a circular upper end 76 of an axial aperture 77 provided in the rotor 68. The diameter of the hammer portion 46 is such that a suitable clearance is provided between the per phcry thereof and the inner periphery of the circular end portion 7 6 of the aperture 77 of the rotor 6.8 so that no appreciable friction occurs between these parts.

The aperture 77, except for the circular upper end 76, is non-circular as clearly shown in Fig. 5, and is provided with opposite flat wall portions. Reciorocably mounted in the a r ire T? a r'u ting tool 78 having a work engaging hea l portion 81 at one end, an intermediate portion 82 which. is circular in cross-section and reciprocable in the aperture of the plug 74 and a noncircular upper end portion 33 similar in cross-section to the non-circular portion of the aperture 77 of the turbine rotor 68, as clearly shownin Fig. 5. or a short distance from the extreme upper end of the tool 78 it is of slightly reduced diameter and circular in cross-section, as indicated a CA) founddesirableto have the s? 84: (Figs3 and 4), witha flat end surface thereof engageable with a snmlar face on thelower end of the hammer portiol'i 46 of the pistonao. 1 Itwill be apparent that the nonecir'cular portion 83 of. the-,tool 78 reciprocably mounted in "the non-circular apel-tare 77 ofthe rotor68 provides a spline connection therebetween and permits a simultaneous reciprocation and rotation of the tool by means of the piston and the turbine rotor 68, respectively, the operation of WlllCll will be presently descmbed.

The turblne stator shell ('34 s for iedwith plurality of bladcs87 (Figs. 3, 4t jand),

the blades being integral with and arranged in tsat aplurahty of equally spaced positions along theilongitudinal axis of the shell with a continuous annular space be tween, the adjacent sets of blades. The

blades 87 of eachset, specifically nine in number, in the embodiment of the 111vention illustrated, are equally spaced around the inner peripheral surface of the shell 64. Theblades 87 are each provided with faces 88 which are angularly disposed relativeto the longitudinal axis ofthe shell 64. Integral with theouter peripheral surface of the rotor 68 and fitting; into the annular spaces between the sets of blades 87 upon the shell 64- is aplurality ofblades 89 arranged in sets, specifically twelve blades in eachset; The blades 89 are equally spaced around the periphery of the rotor 68 and provided with faces 90 disposed at an angle to the longitudinal axis "of the rotor, the angle of the faces 90 differing in pitch, as well as direction, from the faces 88 of the blades 87.

at all pointsbetween the adjacent faces of the blades 87 and Although in the particular embodiment of the invention herein illustrated and described the angle of the faces 88 andllO of the blades 87 and 89, respectively; are different inpitch as well as in direction,in some instances it'may be though in differentdirections. The partied lararrangement of the faces 88 and 90 will depend on thedesired speed of rotation of the tool 7S, but in all cases the facesshould be in such angular relation, oneto the other,

that positive rotary motion will be imparted As hereinbefore described the air channels a7 connected at their upperends tojthe air inlet chamber lf) are provided with cross nested to a plurality of slots 98for1ned in the blade faces 90 the air is deflected dowir the chamber 95, and thence by way of the A slight clearance provided pitch, al

The stator shell passages 545st their lower ends i The cross passagesttleadto aligned passages 91 in" the stator shell 64 which open into an annular chamber 94 formed in thc rotor 68 above the uppermostset 'ofblades 87 of the statorvshell. An annularv chamber 95 formed in the rotor 68 below thelowen mostset of blades 89 thereof is connected to atmosphere by means of a plurality of passages 96 provided in the lower end of the stator shell or which openinto an annular space '97 between the inner and outer peripheries of thelcylinder 33 and the stator shell 64, respectively, The space 97 isconcuter periphery of the bearing 70*anol aligned with a similar number of passages 99 formed in the lower end Wall of the cap 71.

'rn ihe compr chamber 94 in; the rotor 68 passes downwardly between the angular-1y disposed faces 88 of the stator blades 87 in the direction inand inclination from the faces '88 of the stator blades 87. After striking the rotor wardly and allowed to escape between the (5-5 faces 88 of the next set of stator blades 87 and so on until it has traveled the entire length of the turbine rotor 68, passed into passages 96, space 97, slots 98 and passages 99, to atmosphere. As a result ofxthe cumu lative energy of the air blasts successively directed against the faces 90 of the plurality of sets of rotor blades 89 the rotor 68 M will be continuously rotated upon the roller bearings 69 and 70 with great speed and force and throughthe spline connection betweenthe riveting tool 68 and the aperture 77 in the rotor the tool willbe similarly roc tated simultaneously with its reciprocation by the valve piston45, the operation of which will be presently referred to.

Mounted upon the top surface of the standard 10 is an air valve includinga casing 102 whichmay be connected by a pipe 103 to a suitablesource (not shown) forsupplying airunder pressure or any other suitable motive fluid. Reciprocablymounted in the valve casing102 is avalve 104, the stem 1120 of which extends outside of. the casing 102 with a rounded end 105 nornially lying in the path of a cam face 106- providedon a collarflOQthreaded onto a relatively short stop sleeve 110 which is threaded onto the reciprocable sleeve 14.1 The lower end surface of the stop sleeve llO ispredetermined ly spaced from theupper surfaceof the cylindricalcollar portion13 of the standard 10 so as tolimit the downwardmovement of the sleeve 14 upon aliactuation of ssed airentering the annular 3 l the link 26in the manner hereinbefore described. The purpose of limiting the downward movement of the sleeve 14 will be made apparent shortly. By varying the position of the collar 109 upon the stop sleeve 110 it'will be apparent that the position in the downward movement of the sleeve where the cam face 106 engages the end 105 of the valve stem may be varied, thus varying the amount of air permitted to pass through the valve casing 102. Retaining collars 111 are threaded onto the sleeves 14.- and 110 and against the upper end surfaces of the sleeve 110 and the collar 109 for the purpose of locking them in their predetermined adjusted positions. An air outlet chamber 112 of the valve casing 102 is connected to the air inlet chamber 49 of the head 40 on the cylinder 33 by a flexible hose 118. The valve 104 is normally maintained against a seat in the valve casing 102 by the pressure of the air thereagainst, directer by the supply pipe 103, and is moved outwardly from the seat when the cam face 106 of the collar 109 engages the end 105 of the valve stem, thus permitting the compressed air to pass through the valve casing and into the hose 113. v

In operation, after an actuation of "l" link 26 in the manner hereinl'iefore describe the sleeve 141 moves downwardly, carrying the work engaging head portion 81 of the riveting tool 78 into contact with the work, which is adj acently positioned on a suitable fixture (not shown) supported under the tool. The downward movement of the sleeve 14 is sullicient to cause the tool 78 to be moved upwardly and through its engagement at its upper end with the hat portion 16 of the valve piston 15, the lflliti is likewise raised to the dotted line position (Fig. This movement of the valve piston 45 is determined by the. distance the sleeve 14 travels before it is stopped by the sleeve 110 engaging the cylindrical cell portion 13 0f the standard 10. It is to be understood, however, that the c f ice inc head 81 of the tool 78 has to travel to engage the work has to be taken into consideration in adjusting the sleeve 110 upon the sleeve 14. In timed relation with. the raising of the piston 15 the cam face 106 of the collar 109 engages the end 105 of the stern of the valve 104 and unseat-s the valve, permittii the compressed air to pass through the valve casing 102 and to the air channels 17 of the cylinder 33. I

line position of the valve In the dotted piston 15 the air inlet passages are CO'P- nected through the piston rhambeu 4'22 to the upper passages 08 of the lowermost bypassing channels 62 and by the latter to the lower passages 63' thereof to the lower end of'the piston.

The air entering the piston chamber 12 below the valve piston moves the piston upwardly in preparation for a percussive movement downwardly and the spent air above the piston is exhausted through the passages G0, channels 56 and exhaust port 57 to atmosphere and upon the piston covering the upper passages 63 of the lowermost bypassing channels 62 and simultaneously clearing the lower passages 63 of the upper most bypassing channels ()2 the live air will be directed through the latter channels and the upper passages 68 thereof to the chamber l2 above the piston and the latter is driven downwardly, thehammer portion 416 striking the upper end of the riveting tool 78. liluring the downward movement of the piston the spent air below the piston is exhausted through the passages 61, channels 56 and exhaust port 57 to atmosphere. After strikthe tool 78 the piston 15 rebounds upwardly and the live air is again directed to the undr de of the piston and another reciprocatory cycle of the piston, as before described, is completed, it being understood that a continuous percussive action of the piston against the tool is effected as long as the trcadlo is held depressed with the head 81 of the riveting tool 78 in engagement with the work.

Simultaneously with the passage of the air through the passages 53 into the piston chamber the air is also directed along the channels A through the passages 541, 91 and nto the chamber 94: of the turbine rotor 68, where, in the manner hereinbefore described, it acts to continuously rotate the rotor 68 and the tool 78 splined thereto.

Referring particularly to Figs. 3, 6 and it will be observed at the work engaging head portion 81 of the riveting tool 78 is former with an arcuate or CODCHNG surface, which extends in one direction substantially across the width of the completed rivet head and in a direction at right angles thereto is relatively narrow so that it enonly relatively small area of the end of a rivet 115 before and after completion of the riveting operation. As a result of the simultaneous reciprocation and rotation of the tool 78, the rotary movement continuing during the percussive action of the concave head 81 of the tool against the end of the rivet, a spinning action is produced, the material of the rivet flowing outwardly, which action is greatly facilitated, due to the percussive impacts being delivered at successively different concentrated small end areas of the rivet by the relatively small area of the concave surface of the tool head extending thereacross in one direction. This has a tendency to concentrate the force of the impacts at theupper end of the rivet, thus preventing the shank from bending or becoming deformed.

Although the invention as herein illustrated and described is particularly Well adapted for use inconnection With the upset ting of rivets, it should be understood that the novel features thereof are capable of other applications and should be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A motive fluid driven percussive apparatus, a standard provided with a hollow hearing portion, a reciprocatory sleeve mounted therein,a motive fluid actuated tool unit carried by the sleeve, means journaled 011 the standard and operatively connected to the sleeve for causingreciprocation thereof, means for introducing motive. fluid to the tool unit, including a valve carried on the standard, and means disposed on the sleeve and movable into and out of engagement with the valve at predetermined points in the reciprocation of the sleeve for controlling the operation of the tool unit.

2. Ina motive fluid driven percussive apparatus, a supporting member provided With a hollow bearing portion a reciprocating sleeve havinga gear rack on its outer peripheral surface mounted in the hollowbearing portion, a motive fluid actuated tool unit carried Within the sleeve, a gear journaled on the supporting member and arranged to mesh w th the gear rack on the sleeve, manually operable means for rotating the gear for causing reciprocation of the sleeve, means for introducing motive fluid tothe tool unit,

including a control valve for the motive fluid mounted on the supporting member,

and an annular member mounted on the sleeve and responsive to the movement of the sleeve at predetermined points in the reciprocation thereof for actuating the control valve for controlling the operation of the tool unit.

In Witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 14th day of December, A. D.

CHARLES O. KNUUTI. 

